Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Space exploration technology has been used to improve
a. | computers, cars, and medical equipment. | b. | air quality
standards. | c. | athletic training. | d. | the Alaskan
pipeline. |
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2.
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Which of the following is NOT part of scientific methods?
a. | form a hypothesis | c. | ask a question | b. | draw conclusions | d. | become a
scientist |
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3.
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The process of evaluating research before publication is called
a. | prosecution. | c. | peer pressure. | b. | persecution. | d. | peer review. |
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4.
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Earth science is the scientific study of
a. | chemical equations. | c. | Earth and its universe. | b. | health and
nutrition. | d. | human
behavior. |
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5.
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Earth scientists help us better understand the world around us by studying how
a. | animals interact with humans. | b. | natural forces shape our
environment. | c. | war impacts society. | d. | genealogy and astrology impact
society. |
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6.
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Once an idea has been tested repeatedly and gains general acceptance, the
idea
a. | is a called a scientific law. | b. | is true, without any doubt. | c. | is considered an
unproven hypothesis. | d. | may be the basis for a scientific
theory. |
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7.
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Who created accurate calendars based on celestial movements?
a. | the Europeans | c. | the English | b. | the Maya | d. | the Portuguese |
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8.
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Earth scientists help us understand our world by explaining
a. | Earth’s history and our place in the universe. | b. | why countries go to
war. | c. | how to prevent natural disasters. | d. | how to cure
diseases. |
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9.
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Science impacts society by creating new technology that
a. | benefits society without any downside. | b. | doesn’t benefit society in any
way. | c. | benefits society but may cause problems. | d. | is slowing down
progress and further scientific research. |
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10.
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Which of the following is NOT a possible source of Earth’s magnetic
field?
a. | sun’s magnetic field | c. | magnetosphere | b. | moon’s
magnetic field | d. | Earth’s core |
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11.
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According to the law of gravitation, the force of attraction between two objects
depends on the masses of the objects and the
a. | distance between them. | c. | size of each object. | b. | composition of each object. | d. | magnetic field of each
object. |
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12.
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The solid, plastic layer of the mantle is called the
a. | core. | c. | lithosphere. | b. | mesosphere. | d. | asthenosphere. |
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13.
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Changes in ecosystems can affect the ability of an area to
a. | transfer energy. | c. | transfer matter. | b. | sustain a human population. | d. | sustain
gravity. |
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14.
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The largest ecosystem on Earth is the
a. | continents. | c. | oceans. | b. | atmosphere. | d. | biosphere. |
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15.
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Which of the following is closest to the average circumference of Earth?
a. | 4,000 km | c. | 7,400 km | b. | 40,000 km | d. | 74,000 km |
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16.
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All of the following are parts of the compositional structure of Earth EXCEPT
the
a. | global ocean. | c. | core. | b. | mantle. | d. | crust. |
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17.
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Who was the first to explain the effects of gravity in his law of
gravitation?
a. | Mohorovicic | c. | Moho | b. | Oikos | d. | Isaac Newton |
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18.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the major processes in which energy and
matter repeatedly move through a series of reservoirs?
a. | carbon cycle | c. | biocycle | b. | nitrogen cycle | d. | phosphorus
cycle |
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19.
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The force of attraction that exists among all matter in the universe is
called
a. | magnetism. | c. | the magnetosphere. | b. | weight. | d. | gravity. |
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20.
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Energy is transferred between systems, but it cannot be created or destroyed,
according to
a. | Newton’s law. | c. | the second law of thermodynamics. | b. | the first law of
thermodynamics. | d. | the energy
budget. |
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21.
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Because Earth’s interior is warmer than its surface layers, hot materials
move toward the surface in a process called
a. | energy balancing. | c. | energy transfer. | b. | convection. | d. | rotation. |
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22.
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Approximately 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by the
a. | continental crust. | c. | mantle. | b. | Moho. | d. | global ocean. |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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23.
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The full name of the common system of measurement used by scientists around the
world is called the _________________________.
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Short Answer
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24.
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Name the four main branches of Earth science.
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25.
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After a scientist makes observations and asks questions, what is usually the
next step in the scientific process?
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Matching
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In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches
the term or phrase. a. | the mostly solid, rocky part of Earth | b. | the part of Earth
where life exists | c. | a system in which energy, but not matter, is
exchanged with the surroundings | d. | the solid, outer layer of Earth that consists
of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle | e. | the solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath
the lithosphere | f. | the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer
core | g. | the portion of Earth that is water | h. | a community of organisms and their abiotic
environment | i. | a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon | j. | a system in which
both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings |
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26.
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open system
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27.
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lithosphere
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28.
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hydrosphere
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29.
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closed system
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30.
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atmosphere
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31.
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geosphere
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32.
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mesosphere
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33.
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asthenosphere
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34.
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biosphere
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Essay
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35.
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Describe the steps that make up scientific methods.
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